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Finding Duplicates Before Adding a Unique Constraint

July 27, 2009
Pinal Dave
SQL Tips and Tricks
Duplicate Records, Ranking Functions, SQL Constraint and Keys, SQL Group By, SQL NULL

A unique constraint fails on the first duplicate it meets and tells you about only one. Here is how to list them all and clean up safely.

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Value Histograms: Counting Rows per Range Bucket in T-SQL

February 21, 2009
Pinal Dave
SQL Tips and Tricks
SQL Group By, SQL Scripts, Temp Table

Turn a column of amounts into a clear shape. Three small traps decide whether your bucket counts are true: empty buckets, uneven ranges and BETWEEN.

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A rich painting pairs handmade blue, ochre and sage tiles arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns.

PIVOT and UNPIVOT: Aggregation, NULLs and Cross-Tab Queries

October 1, 2008
Pinal Dave
SQL Tips and Tricks
PIVOT and UNPIVOT, SQL Group By, SQL Server

PIVOT and UNPIVOT reshape SQL Server data. See a tested example, disappearing NULLs, aggregation and fixed cross-tab columns.

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STRING_AGG Order: Keep NULLs and Type Width Visible

June 11, 2008
Pinal Dave
SQL Tips and Tricks
SQL Function, SQL Group By, SQL Server, SQL String

STRING_AGG order belongs inside WITHIN GROUP. This example preserves duplicate labels, shows how NULL differs from empty text and casts to nvarchar(max) before aggregation.

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GROUP BY Done Right

August 14, 2007
Pinal Dave
SQL Tips and Tricks
SQL Function, SQL Group By, SQL Joins, SQL NULL, SQL Server

GROUP BY Done Right separates row filters from group filters, handles NULL groups, and avoids totals inflated by careless joins.

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