We love puzzles. One of the brain’s main task is to solve puzzles. Sometime puzzles are very complicated (e.g Solving Rubik Cube or Sodoku) and sometimes the puzzles are very simple (multiplying 4 by 8 or finding the shortest route while driving). It is always to solve puzzle and it creates an experience which humans are not able to forget easily. The best puzzles are the one where one has to do multiple things to reach to the final goal. Let us do something similar today. We will have a contest where you can participate and win something interesting.
Contest
This contest have two parts.
Question 1: What ACID stands in the Database?
This question seems very easy but here is the twist. Your answer should explain minimum one of the properties of the ACID in detail. If you wish you can explain all the four properties of the ACID but to qualify you need to explain minimum of the one properties.
Question 2: What is the size of the installation file of NuoDB for any specific platform.
You can answer this question following format – NuoDB installation file is of size __ MB for ___ Platform.
Click on the Download the Link and download your installation file for NuoDB. You can post figure out the file size from the properties of the file.
We have exciting content prizes for the winners.
Prizes
1) 24 Amazon Gift Cards of USD 10 for next 24 hours. One card at every hour. (Open anywhere in the world)
2) One grand winner will get Joes 2 Pros SQL Server 2012 Training Kit worth USD 249. (Open where Amazon ship books).
Amazon | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
Rules
The contest will be open till July 21, 2013. All the valid comments will be hidden till the result is announced.
The winners will be announced on July 24, 2013.
Hint: Download NuoDB
Reference: Pinal Dave (https://blog.sqlauthority.com)
47 Comments. Leave new
ACID is set of properties that believe guarantee transactions are processed reliably.
A- atomicity,C-consistency,I-isolation,D-durability
Atomicity : It means that we can give guarantee to all of the transactions happens or none of it does.
Size of the software: NuoDB
OS Platform :Windows (64-bit)Inc/32-bit clients
File size : 153 MB.
ACID is set of properties that believe guarantee transactions are processed reliably.
A- atomicity,C-consistency,I-isolation,D-durability
Atomicity : It means that we can give guarantee to all of the transactions happens or none of it does.
Size of the software: NuoDB
OS Platform :Windows (64-bit)Inc/32-bit clients
File size : 153 MB.
ACID
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
Atomicity: In database systems, atomicity is one of the ACID transaction properties. In an atomic transaction, a series of database operations either all occur, or nothing occurs. A guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to the database occurring only partially, which can cause greater problems than rejecting the whole series outright. In other words, atomicity means indivisibility and irreducibility.
Consistency: In database systems, a consistent transaction is one that does not violate any integrity constraints during its execution. If a transaction leaves the database in an illegal state, it is aborted and an error is reported.
Isolation: In database systems, isolation is a property that defines how/when the changes made by one operation become visible to other concurrent operations. Isolation is one of the ACID properties.
Durability: In database systems, durability is the ACID property which guarantees that transactions that have committed will survive permanently.
NuoDB installation file is of size 153MB for Windows Platform.
ACID in database stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
Atomicity – It states whether a complete transaction takes place. If a small percentage of the transaction fails the whole transaction will fail.
Consistency – this states whether a database is stable before and after the transaction
Isolation – this rule stats that when a process is going on in a transaction the data is isolated from the reach of other sources
Durability – this states when a transaction is completed if the database is in stable state or now
Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
Atomicity – It states whether a complete transaction takes place. If a small percentage of the transaction fails the whole transaction will fail.
Consistency – this states whether a database is stable before and after the transaction
Isolation – this rule stats that when a process is going on in a transaction the data is isolated from the reach of other sources
Durability – this states when a transaction is completed if the database is in stable state or not
NuoDB installation file is of size 78.3 MB for Mac OS Platform.
Hi Sir,
Answer for Q1 : ACID stands for Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
Atomicity : if one part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction fails, and the database state is left unchanged. i.e it is an all-or-none proposition.
Consistency : Ensure that transaction never leaves the database in a half-finished state.
Isolation : transactions are kept separated from each other until the operation is finished.
Durability : Means that the safety of the committed data is ensured. The pending changes in the database will be tracked so that the server can recover from an abnormal activity.
Answer for Q2 : NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for Windows 64-bit,Inc/32-bit clients Platform.
Thanks and Regards,
Anish Shenoy
Bangalore
ANSWER 1).
ACID is related to transaction in the database.A transaction is a group of database commands that are treated as a single unit. A successful transaction must pass the “ACID” test, that is, it must be
A – Atomic
C – Consistent
I – Isolated
D – Durable
Atomic – All statements in the transaction either completed successfully or they were all rolled back. The task that the set of operations represents is either accomplished or not, but in any case not left half-done. For example, in the UpdateInventory_and_Sell stored procedure, both the UPDATE statements, should succeed. If one UPDATE statement succeeds and the other UPDATE statement fails, the database should undo the change made by the first UPDATE statement, by rolling it back. In short, the transaction should be ATOMIC.
tblProduct
ProductId Name UnitPricce QtyAvailable
1 samsungGalaxy 18000 90
2 micromax canvas4 12000 50
tblProductSales
ProductISalesId ProductId QuantitySold
1 1 10
2 1 10
Create Procedure UpdateInventory_and_Sell
as
Begin
Begin Try
Begin Transaction
Update tblProduct set QtyAvailable = (QtyAvailable – 10)
where ProductId = 1
Insert into tblProductSales values(3, 1, 10)
Commit Transaction
End Try
Begin Catch
Rollback Transaction
End Catch
End
Consistent – All data touched by the transaction is left in a logically consistent state. For example, if stock available numbers are decremented from tblProductTable, then, there has to be a related entry in tblProductSales table. The inventory can’t just disappear.
Isolated – The transaction must affect data without interfering with other concurrent transactions, or being interfered with by them. This prevents transactions from making changes to data based on uncommitted information, for example changes to a record that are subsequently rolled back. Most databases use locking to maintain transaction isolation.
Durable – Once a change is made, it is permanent. If a system error or power failure occurs before a set of commands is complete, those commands are undone and the data is restored to its original state once the system begins running again.
ANSWER 2)
NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for WINDOWS Platform.
Q1
In ACID , the letter A stands for “Atomicity” which means that transaction as a set of operations follows the “all or nothing” or speaking of “The Three Musketeers” the “all for one,one for all” motto.
In other words, every single operation within transaction must succeed for the transaction to be commited and if even one of them will fail the transaction crashes and is gone. So looking at the execution from outside scope you either see full transaction executed (commited) or it has never happened (rollback).
Q2
Installation file for windows x64 has 153 MB (160 481 280 bytes on disk)
1. ACID Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability is a set of properties that guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably. In the databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction.
Atomicity
Atomicity requires that each transaction is “all or nothing”: if one part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction fails, and the database state is left unchanged. An atomic system must guarantee atomicity in each and every situation, including power failures, errors, and crashes. To the outside world, a committed transaction appears (by its effects on the database) to be indivisible (“atomic”), and an aborted transaction does not happen.
Consistency
The consistency property ensures that any transaction will bring the database from one valid state to another. Any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including but not limited to constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This does not guarantee correctness of the transaction in all ways the application programmer might have wanted (that is the responsibility of application-level code) but merely that any programming errors do not violate any defined rules.
Isolation
The isolation property ensures that the concurrent execution of transactions results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially, i.e. one after the other. Providing isolation is the main goal of concurrency control. Depending on concurrency control method, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not even be visible to another transaction.[citation needed]
Durability
Durability means that once a transaction has been committed, it will remain so, even in the event of power loss, crashes, or errors. In a relational database, for instance, once a group of SQL statements execute, the results need to be stored permanently (even if the database crashes immediately thereafter). To defend against power loss, transactions (or their effects) must be recorded in a non-volatile memory.
2. NuoDB installation file is of size 109 MB for Ubuntu 11.10 & 12.x (64-bit) Platform.
ACID stands for: Automicity ,Consistency ,Isolation and Durability
Brief about Isolation property:
Isolation refers to the requirement that other operations cannot access or see the data in an intermediate state during a transaction. This constraint is required to maintain the performance as well as the consistency between transactions in a database.
1. ACID = Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability)
Atomicity: for all-or-none proposition
Consistency: guarantees that a transaction never leaves your database in a half-finished state.
Isolation keeps transactions separated from each other until they’re finished.
Durability guarantees that the database will keep track of pending changes in such a way that the server can recover from an abnormal termination.
described in ISO/IEC 10026-1:1992 Section 4
2. NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for Win 64 Platform.
Isolation
When the database engine inserts values into a table, nothing else should be able to change those values at the same time. Similarly, if the database engine needs to roll back to a previous state, nothing else should have affected that state or left it indeterminate. In other words, each action must happen in isolation from all others.
In terms of what other users see when they look at a transaction, or the data that is being
considered, that’s the domain of the isolation level.
Ans1. ACID (an acronym for Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a concept that database professionals generally look for while evaluating relational databases and application architectures, for a reliable database , all four of these attributes should be achieved.
Atomicity i an all-or-none rule for database modifications.
Consistency guarantees that a transaction never leaves your database in a half-finished state.
Isolation keeps transactions separated from each other until they are finished.
Durability guarantees that the database will keep track of pending changes in such a way that the server can recover from abnormal terminations will not be lost.
Ans2. NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for Windows Platform.
where do I send the answers for the puzzle
Just leave a comment :-)
ACID
Atomicity – Each transaction is an all-or-nothing
Consistency – Any transaction will bring the database from one valid state to another. Any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including but not limited to constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This does not guarantee correctness of the transaction in all ways the application programmer might have wanted (that is the responsibility of application-level code) but merely that any programming errors do not violate any defined rules.
Isolation- The concurrent execution of transactions results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially, i.e. one after the other. Providing isolation is the main goal of concurrency control. Depending on concurrency control method, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not even be visible to another transaction.
Durability- Once a transaction has been committed, it will remain so, even in the event of power loss, crashes, or errors. In a relational database, for instance, once a group of SQL statements execute, the results need to be stored permanently (even if the database crashes immediately thereafter). To defend against power loss, transactions (or their effects) must be recorded in a non-volatile memory.
NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for Windows (64-bit) Inc/32-bit clients Platform.
NuoDB installation file is of size 153MB for Windows 7 x64Platform.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
-Atomicity means all or nothing. Either all statements within the transaction will execute either all will not execute.
-Isolation means that when concurrent transactions start to work, they will finish without interfering between themselves.
NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for Windows Platform
1. Atomicity,Consistency,Isolation and Durability
Atomicity : It means each transaction is valid or all are failed. If the part of the transactions failed then whole transaction fails and database state left un changed.
2. for nuodb-1.1.windows.x64 is 154,319 KB . which is 1.54GB
Answer for Question 1:
ACID is an acronym for Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability.
For a database to be reliable, it has to satisfy all these four attributes.
Atomicity property guaranteed either all changes in the transaction succeed, or none do. If one part of the transaction fails (including power failures, errors, and crashes), the entire transaction fails, and the database state is left unchanged. If for some reason a failure occurs before the transaction could complete (before the commit instruction recorded in the transaction log), then upon restart, SQL Server reverts the changes that took place in that transaction.
Normally SQL Server rolls back the transaction in case of any error during that transaction. But exception to this is that there are some errors are not considered severe enough for automatic rollback of the transaction, such as primary key violation for example. For such cases, you can use error handling to capture the errors and perform necessary action (For instance, you could log the error to the error log table and roll back the transaction).
Example of Atomicity failure:
Assume that a transaction attempts to subtract 10 from A and add 10 to B. This is a valid transaction, since the data continue to satisfy the constraint after it has executed. However, assume that after removing 10 from A, the transaction is unable to modify B. If the database retained A’s new value, atomicity and the constraint would both be violated. Atomicity requires that both parts of this transaction, or neither, be complete.
Consistency property ensures that the data meets all validation rules.
It ensures that any transaction will bring the database from one valid state to another. Any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including but not limited to constraints, cascades, triggers, etc. This ensures that any programming errors do not violate any defined rules.
Example:
Say that the requirement is that A + B must be 100.
Assume that a transaction attempts to subtract 10 from A and add 10 to B.
Assume that after removing 10 from A, the transaction is unable to modify B.
Since consistency is checked after each transaction, a validation check will show that A + B as 90, which is inconsistent with the rules of the database.
So the entire transaction must be cancelled and the affected rows must be rolled back to their pre-transaction state.
Isolation keeps transactions separated from each other until they are finished. It ensures that the concurrent execution of transactions results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially, i.e. one after the other, and also controls access to the data and ensures that transactions access data only if it is in the level of consistency that those transactions expect. SQL Server uses locks to isolate data that is being modified and queried by one transaction, from other transactions.
Example:
Assume two transactions execute at the same time, each attempting to modify the same data. One of the two must wait until the other completes in order to maintain isolation.
Consider two transactions. T1 transfers 10 from A to B. T2 transfers 10 from B to A. Combined, there are four actions:
1. subtract 10 from A
2. add 10 to B.
3. subtract 10 from B
4. add 10 to A.
If these operations are performed in order, isolation is maintained, although T2 must wait.
Consider the situation where T1 subtracts 10 from A (Step 1 below).
T2 adds 10 to A restoring it to its initial value (Step 4 below).
Now T1 fails.
What should A’s value be?
T2 has already changed it. So A will have the same value as it was before the transaction began.
Also, T1 never changed B.
T2 subtracts 10 from it (Step 3 below. So B now has 10 less).
If T2 is allowed to complete, B’s value will now be 10 less, while A’s value unchanged leaving an invalid database.
The sequence of events are:
1. A -10 (T1)
2. B + 10 (T1)
3. B-10 (T2)
4. A + 10 (T2)
If DB doesn’t provide isolation levels to above transaction(s), the order may not be predictable and if one of the above steps fail, DB will not be in a consistent state.
Durability property ensures that data changes are always written to the database’s transaction log on disk before they are written to the database on disk. Once the COMMIT is executed, the commit instruction is recorded in the transaction log on disk at which point the transaction is considered durable even if the change hasn’t been written to the physical disk yet. When the system starts, either normally or after a system failure, SQL Server checks the transaction log of each database and runs a recovery process which involves two phases—redo and undo.
The redo phase involves re-applying or replaying all changes in transaction log that has not been written to the physical disk.
The undo phase involves rolling back or undoing (Reverting) changes of transactions for which COMMIT has not been recorded in the transaction log.
Example:
Assume that a transaction transfers 10 from A to B. It removes 10 from A. It then adds 10 to B. At this point, COMMIT instruction is executed. At this point the changes are written to the transaction log and still waiting to be committed to the physical disk. Now say the power fails and the changes are lost. But from the user perspective the change has already been committed.
Answer for Question 2:
1. NuoDB installation file is of size 153 MB for Windows 64-bit Inc 32-bit clients Platform.
2. NuoDB installation file is of size 78.2 MB for MacOS 10.7 or higher
3. NuoDB installation file is of size 109 MB for RHEL 5.9 & 6.x (64-bit), SuSe Linux Enterprise Server 11 sp2 (64-bit), openSuSe 12.x (64-bit) , Amazon Basic EC2 (64-bit)
4. NuoDB installation file is of size 109 MB for Ubuntu 11.10 & 12.x (64-bit)
5. NuoDB installation file is of size 110 MB For RHEL 5.9 & 6.x (64-bit), SuSe Linux Enterprise Server 11 sp2 (64-bit), openSuSe 12.x (64-bit)
Amazon Basic EC2 (64-bit), Ubuntu 11.10 & 12.x (64-bit)
6. NuoDB installation file is of size 53.1 MB for Solaris 11 (x64), Joyent Smart OS (Supported Release: 1.0.1)
Q1 Answer:
Transaction objects are used when committing or aborting nested transactions at other than the lowest level. A transaction is an indivisible work unit defined by the ACID test. ACID stands for:
Atomicity: cannot be divided into smaller work units.
Concurrency: more than one transaction can occur at a time.
Isolation: one transaction has limited knowledge about changes made by another.
Durability: the transaction makes persistent changes.
Q2 Answer:
The size of NuoDB on Windows 7 x64Platform are
Size: 160,447,768 bytes
Size on disk is 160,448,512 bytes