T-SQL errors and reactions are the subject of this early SQL in Sixty Seconds episode with Rick Morelan. The tests here show which errors stop one statement, which stop the whole batch, and how XACT_ABORT, TRY CATCH and THROW change the reaction.
Convert Subquery to CTE: SQL in Sixty Seconds #001
You can convert subquery to CTE syntax by naming the inner query and using that name in the outer query. The first SQL in Sixty Seconds episode shows the change. My tests on SQL Server 2025 show the result stays the same, and that a CTE used twice reads the table twice.