SQL SERVER – Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Aggregates with the Over Clause – Day 10 of 35

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Aggregates with the Over Clause

You have likely heard the business term “Market Share”. If your company is the biggest and has sold 15 million units in an industry that has sold a total of 50 million units then your company’s market share is 30% (15/50 = .30). Market share represents your number divide by the sum of all other numbers. In JProCo the biggest grant (Ben@Moretechnology.com) is $41,000 and the total of all grants is $193,700. Therefore the Ben grant is 21.6% of the whole set of grants for the company.

The two simple queries in the figure below show all the Grant table records and the sum of the grant amounts.

SQL SERVER - Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series - Aggregates with the Over Clause - Day 10 of 35 j2p_10_1

If we want to show the total amount next to every record of the table – or just one record of the table – SQL Server gives us the same error. It does not find the supporting aggregated language needed to support the SUM( ) aggregate function.

SQL SERVER - Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series - Aggregates with the Over Clause - Day 10 of 35 j2p_10_2

Adding the OVER( ) clause allows us to see the total amount next to each grant. We see 193,700 next to each record in the result set.

SQL SERVER - Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series - Aggregates with the Over Clause - Day 10 of 35 j2p_10_3

The sum of all 10 grants is $193,700. Recall the largest single grant (007) is $41,000. Doing the quick math in our head, we recognize $41,000 is around 1/5 of ~$200,000 and guesstimate that Grant 007 is just over 20% of the total.

SQL SERVER - Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series - Aggregates with the Over Clause - Day 10 of 35 j2p_10_4

Thanks to the OVER clause, there’s no need to guess. We can get the precise percentage. To accomplish this, we will add an expression that does the same math we did in our head. We want the new column to divide each grant amount by $193,700 (the total of all the grants).

By listing the total amount of all grants next to each individual grant, we automatically get a nice reference for how each individual grant compares to the total of all JProCo grants. The new column is added and confirms our prediction that Grant 007 represents just over 21% of all grants.

SQL SERVER - Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series - Aggregates with the Over Clause - Day 10 of 35 j2p_10_5

Notice that the figures in our new column appear as ratios. Percentages are 100 times the size of a ratio. Example:  the ratio 0.2116 represents a percentage of 21.16%. Multiplying a ratio by 100 will show the percentage. To finish, give the column a descriptive title, PercentOfTotal.

In today post we examined the basic over clause with an empty set of Parenthesis. The over clause actually have many variations which we will see in tomorrow’s post.

Note: If you want to setup the sample JProCo database on your system you can watch this video. For this post you will want to run the SQLQueriesChapter5.0Setup.sql script from Volume 2.

Question 10

You want to show all fields of the Employee table. You want an additional field called StartDate that shows the first HireDate for all Employees. Which query should you use?

  1. SELECT *, Min(HireDate) as StartDate FROM Employee
  2. SELECT *, Max(HireDate) as StartDate FROM Employee
  3. SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee
  4. SELECT *, Max(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

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Reference:  Pinal Dave (https://blog.sqlauthority.com)

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124 Comments. Leave new

  • Rene Alberto Castro Velasquez
    August 10, 2011 7:16 am

    The correct answer is No. 3
    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee
    Because all fields of the Employee table are shown, and an additional field called StartDate shows the first HireDate for all Employees.
    OVER() gives the supporting aggregated language needed to support the MIN( ) aggregate function.
    Rene Castro
    El Salvador

    Reply
  • Correct option in answer 3:

    3.SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Thanks.

    Country – India

    Reply
  • You want to show all fields of the Employee table. You want an additional field called StartDate that shows the first HireDate for all Employees. Which query should you use?

    3) SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Minimum of Hiredate will be first hire date. And since there is no group by clause, 1) is invalid. 3) with over() clause will put the earliest hire date in each row.

    Leo Pius
    USA

    Reply
  • 3. Select lowest value from HireDate to be displayed next to each row

    Dan Q
    United States

    Reply
  • Shatrughna Kumar
    August 10, 2011 7:41 am

    Correct option is 3.
    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    New Delhi

    Reply
  • Explanation:
    To show all fields of the table we will use the following query:
    SELECT * FROM Employee

    Since we want to display 1 more field called StartDate which will have the value of the first HireDate for all Employees we need to add Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate in the query

    Correct Query is :
    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Country of Residence:
    United States

    Reply
  • Answer is 3.

    Query 1 can’t be used because there is no GROUPBY clause and to use Aggregate methods Group by need to be used.

    Other queries 2 or 4 used MAX and we need Min value, so its incorrect.

    Thanks for the wonderful question.

    Regards,

    Sudhir
    New Delhi, India

    Reply
  • The correct answer is option 3

    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    as we want to show first hiredate, which can be calculated using MIN() function
    and Over() clause will print it for all the records

    Sumit
    India

    Reply
  • Aditya Bisoi (@AdityaBisoi07)
    August 10, 2011 9:18 am

    Question 10
    Ans : 3 – SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Chennai , INDIA

    Reply
  • Uday Kumar B R
    August 10, 2011 9:31 am

    Question 10

    You want to show all fields of the Employee table. You want an additional field called StartDate that shows the first HireDate for all Employees. Which query should you use?

    Wrong:Gives an Error as Aggregate function is used
    1.SELECT *, Min(HireDate) as StartDate FROM Employee

    Wrong:Gives an Error as Aggregate function is used
    2.SELECT *, Max(HireDate) as StartDate FROM Employee

    Correct:As over clause is used.Executes Correctly.
    3.SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Wrong:Executes correctly but uses Max date which gives recently joined Employee’s date
    4.SELECT *, Max(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Thanks for the Post :-)

    Country :India

    Reply
  • The Answer is

    1.SELECT *, Min(HireDate) as StartDate FROM Employee

    Country :India[Ahmedabad]

    Reply
  • Correct Answer is# 3
    3.SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Country: India

    Reply
  • Correct Ans is option 3.

    3.SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Pratik Raval
    India

    Reply
  • Option 3 is correct

    INDIA

    Reply
  • Correct Answer is: Option 3

    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    –> As Min(HireDate) shows the First Hire date for all employees as a new column ‘StartDate’.

    Thanks,
    Dips
    INDIA [Noida]

    Reply
  • Option 3 is the right answer.

    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Neelesh
    India

    Reply
  • P.Pranav Kumar
    August 10, 2011 10:06 am

    The Correct option is 3
    i.e;
    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    from,
    Hyderabad,AndhraPradesh,India.

    Reply
  • The correct answer is option 3 that is

    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    As here we want first i.e. minimum hire date from all employee for for using MIN() function without using any group we want to add OVER() also.

    Mahmad Khoja
    INDIA
    AHMEDABAD

    Reply
  • The correct answer would be

    3. SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Sandipak
    Location: Minneapolis, USA

    Reply
  • Option 3 is correct

    SELECT *, Min(HireDate) OVER() as StartDate FROM Employee

    Min(Hiredate) will show the first hiredate exist in the employee table, OVER() will help to remove the aggregate function with group by error.

    India

    Reply

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